DI ANTARA JUDICIAL RESTRAINT DAN JUDICIAL ACTIVISM: REKONSTRUKSI KANON AVOIDANCE SEBAGAI DOKTRIN PENAFSIRAN DALAM PENGUJIAN UNDANG-UNDANG OLEH MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61863/gr.v5i2.64Keywords:
Kanon Avoidance, Constitutional Avoidance, Judicial Restraint, Judicial Activism, Mahkamah KonsitusiAbstract
Perdebatan mengenai batas antara judicial restraint dan judicial activism dalam pengujian undang-undang oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi semakin berkembang seiring munculnya putusan bersyarat, penerapan open legal policy, dan berbagai bentuk koreksi normatif. Di sisi lain, penggunaan istilah judicial avoidance, constitutional avoidance, dan avoidance canon masih sering disamakan sehingga menimbulkan ketidakjelasan metodologis dalam praktik penafsiran konstitusi. Penelitian ini bertujuan merekonstruksi avoidance canon sebagai doktrin penafsiran konstitusional yang memberikan parameter operasional dalam menentukan kapan Mahkamah Konstitusi menerapkan judicial restraint, melakukan penafsiran penyelamat terhadap norma, atau menyatakan norma inkonstitusional. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual, perundang-undangan, dan kasus. Data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan dan dianalisis secara kualitatif menggunakan conceptual analysis, comparative doctrinal synthesis, constitutional case analysis, dan abductive doctrinal reasoning. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa judicial avoidance, constitutional avoidance, dan avoidance canon merupakan konsep yang berbeda dan bekerja pada tingkat analisis yang berbeda. Penelitian ini merekonstruksi avoidance canon sebagai instrumen operasional constitutional avoidance serta merumuskan lima parameter penggunaannya yang menghasilkan model graduated constitutional adjudication. Model tersebut menempatkan judicial restraint, avoidance canon, dan constitutional invalidation sebagai spektrum respons yudisial yang bertingkat guna meningkatkan konsistensi dan legitimasi putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi.
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